Title | Clinical quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM): Biometal imaging and its emerging roles in patient care. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2017 |
Authors | Wang Y, Spincemaille P, Liu Z, Dimov A, Deh K, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Gillen KM, Wilman AH, Gupta A, Tsiouris AJohn, Kovanlikaya I, Chiang GChia-Yi, Weinsaft JW, Tanenbaum L, Chen W, Zhu W, Chang S, Lou M, Kopell BH, Kaplitt MG, Devos D, Hirai T, Huang X, Korogi Y, Shtilbans A, Jahng G-H, Pelletier D, Gauthier SA, Pitt D, Bush AI, Brittenham GM, Prince MR |
Journal | J Magn Reson Imaging |
Volume | 46 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 951-971 |
Date Published | 2017 Oct |
ISSN | 1522-2586 |
Keywords | Artifacts, Contrast Media, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Metals |
Abstract | UNLABELLED: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vital participants in normal cellular biochemistry, and their dysregulations are manifested in a variety of pathologic processes. Therefore, QSM can be used to assess important tissue functions and disease. To facilitate QSM clinical translation, this review aims to organize pertinent information for implementing a robust automated QSM technique in routine MRI practice and to summarize available knowledge on diseases for which QSM can be used to improve patient care. In brief, QSM can be generated with postprocessing whenever gradient echo MRI is performed. QSM can be useful for diseases that involve neurodegeneration, inflammation, hemorrhage, abnormal oxygen consumption, substantial alterations in highly paramagnetic cellular iron, bone mineralization, or pathologic calcification; and for all disorders in which MRI diagnosis or surveillance requires contrast agent injection. Clinicians may consider integrating QSM into their routine imaging practices by including gradient echo sequences in all relevant MRI protocols. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:951-971. |
DOI | 10.1002/jmri.25693 |
Alternate Journal | J Magn Reson Imaging |
PubMed ID | 28295954 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC5592126 |
Grant List | R01 NS072370 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States U01 NS082151 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States UL1 TR001863 / TR / NCATS NIH HHS / United States R01 NS095562 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States R01 NS090464 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States R01 CA181566 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States |